Alien too cool for this planet vintage shirt
Consequential communication: There is a strong body of literature out there (look at Greenberg, Gutwin, T. Tang, J.Tang, and Buxton, among others) that has shown that a large portion of our communication during collaborative activities and video conferencing occurs through unintentional channels. Video solutions are poor at this for several reasons. One is the interesting problem of eye gaze. With the exception of a few specialized set-ups, cameras are situated above, below, or to the side of displays, resulting in mis-aligned eye gaze during conversation. We use eye gaze direction and focus for a host of social cues, including (as someone mentioned above) trust cues. Other problems associated with consequential communication include body language, issues arising from the space around people, social proximity cues, and more -- all of which are not well handled by most video conferencing systems.
Network delays and synchronization: Groupware research (sophisticated video-conferencing systems and other collaborative software, some of which do not use video) has been struggling with maintaining conversational flow over network delay for quite some time (a good example are the papers by Dyck on message compression in groupware). The more people there are in the conference and the higher the resolution of the video, the more severe this problem becomes. There are some good papers on network delay interfering with gameplay (the names escape me at the moment) that show that delays as small as 100 ms can make playing games challenging or impossible. Delays of 30 ms are detectable. Similarly, we use delays in conversational flow as an indicator of thought, natural turn-taking, and other social cues. Significant delays or worse, uneven network delays, can interfere with these processes, reducing the effectiveness of the collaboration. Interestingly, the more tightly coupled the collaboration, the more significant delay and synchronization is. (For an examination of coupling in collaboration, have a look at the work by Tony Tang at Georgia Tech -- now at the University of Calgary.)
Network delays and synchronization: Groupware research (sophisticated video-conferencing systems and other collaborative software, some of which do not use video) has been struggling with maintaining conversational flow over network delay for quite some time (a good example are the papers by Dyck on message compression in groupware). The more people there are in the conference and the higher the resolution of the video, the more severe this problem becomes. There are some good papers on network delay interfering with gameplay (the names escape me at the moment) that show that delays as small as 100 ms can make playing games challenging or impossible. Delays of 30 ms are detectable. Similarly, we use delays in conversational flow as an indicator of thought, natural turn-taking, and other social cues. Significant delays or worse, uneven network delays, can interfere with these processes, reducing the effectiveness of the collaboration. Interestingly, the more tightly coupled the collaboration, the more significant delay and synchronization is. (For an examination of coupling in collaboration, have a look at the work by Tony Tang at Georgia Tech -- now at the University of Calgary.)
Nhận xét
Đăng nhận xét